SSM offers various Monel 400 alloy products, such as pipes, fittings, flanges, fasteners, plates, and bars, known for their exceptional corrosion resistance. Below, we will explore the properties and applications of Monel 400 in more detail.
What is Monel 400？
Monel 400, also known as Alloy 400, stands out as a superior nickel-copper alloy with approximately 67% nickel and 23% copper. Its remarkable resistance to corrosion and impressive strength make it an exceptional choice for various applications. Notably, it is resistant to seawater, hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, and alkalies, rendering it suitable for diverse environments. This non-magnetic alloy offers excellent weldability and moderate to high strength, making it the perfect solution for a wide range of industrial needs.
Monel 400: Discovery and Origin of the Name
Monel 400 was discovered due to the efforts of Robert Crooks Stanley, who worked for the International Nickel Company (INCO) in 1901. The alloy was named after Ambrose Monell, the president of INCO at the time, although the last “L” in his name was dropped for trademark reasons. Monel 400 is a nickel-copper alloy that gained popularity due to its strength, corrosion resistance, and malleability (U.S. General Services Administration) (Corrosion Doctors).
Equivalent Materials for Monel 400
| Alloy | UNS Number | European Standard (EN) | DIN | Werkstoffnummer (W. Nr.) | French Standard (AFNOR) | Japanese Standard (JIS) |
| Monel 400 | N04400 | 2.4360 | 17743 | 2.4360 | NU-30M | NW 4400 |
Application & Types of Monel 400.
Monel 400 is widely used in several industries because of its excellent corrosion resistance. Some of the key applications include:
– Marine Engineering: Monel 400 is suitable for marine applications such as propeller shafts, pump shafts, and seawater valves due to its resistance to seawater corrosion.
– Chemical Processing Equipment: It is used in heat exchangers, reactors, and other equipment that require resistance to acidic and alkaline environments.
– Oil and Gas Industry: Monel 400 is frequently used in the production of valves, pumps, and piping systems that need to withstand corrosive environments.
The types of products provided by SSM include:
- Monel 400 Pipes
- Monel 400 Pipe Fittings
- Monel 400 Flanges
- Monel 400 Fasteners
- Monel 400 Plates
- Monel 400 Bars
Monel 400 Chemical Composition
| Element | Percentage (%) |
| Nickel (Ni) | 63.0 – 70.0 |
| Copper (Cu) | 28.0 – 34.0 |
| Iron (Fe) | ≤ 2.5 |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤ 2.0 |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤ 0.5 |
| Carbon (C) | ≤ 0.3 |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.024 |
Monel 400 Physical Properties
| Property | Value |
| Density | 8.80 g/cm³ (0.318 lb/in³) |
| Melting Point | 1,350 – 1,400 °C (2,462 – 2,552 °F) |
| Thermal Conductivity | 21.8 W/m·K (151.6 BTU·in/ft²·h·°F) |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 0.427 J/g·°C (0.102 BTU/lb·°F) |
| Electrical Resistivity | 0.051 Ω·mm²/m (0.78 µΩ·m) |
| Elastic Modulus | 179 GPa (26,000 ksi) |
| Poisson’s Ratio | 0.32 |
| Magnetic Properties | Slightly magnetic at room temperature |
Monel 400 Mechanical Properties
| Property | Value |
| Tensile Strength (UTS) | 550 – 620 MPa (80,000 – 90,000 psi) |
| Yield Strength (0.2% offset) | 240 – 345 MPa (35,000 – 50,000 psi) |
| Elongation at Break | 20 – 35% |
| Hardness | – Rockwell B: 65-75 |
| – Brinell: 135-190 | |
| Modulus of Elasticity | 179 GPa (26,000 ksi) |
| Impact Strength | High (exhibits good toughness) |
FAQ
Monel 400 can be welded using various methods, including:
- TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) Welding
- MIG (Metal Inert Gas) Welding
- Submerged Arc Welding
Monel 400 is generally non-magnetic, although it may show some magnetic properties depending on the specific processing and conditions.
Monel 400: Offers excellent corrosion resistance and is used in marine and chemical applications where moderate strength is sufficient.
Monel K500: Provides higher strength and hardness due to age-hardening, making it suitable for demanding applications that require enhanced mechanical properties. It retains good corrosion resistance but is more challenging to weld.
