What is density of metal?
The density of a metal is the mass contained in a unit volume. It is typically expressed in g/cm³ or kg/m³. Density is one of the fundamental physical properties of a metal, reflecting how tightly the metal atoms are arranged in the material. In simple terms, the higher the density, the more mass is contained in a given volume.
Formula for Density:
Density(ρ)=Volume(V)/Mass(m)
Types of Metals Densities
Different types of metals along with their common ASTM grades and densities:
| Metal Type | ASTM Grade | Density (g/cm³) |
| Carbon Steel | ASTM A36 | 7.85 |
| ASTM A106 | 7.85 | |
| ASTM A53 | 7.85 | |
| ASTM A513 | 7.85 | |
| Mild Steel | ASTM A36 | 7.85 |
| ASTM A1011 | 7.85 | |
| Alloy Steel | ASTM A213 T5 (Low Alloy) | 7.82 |
| ASTM A387 Gr. 5 (Medium Alloy) | 7.85 | |
| ASTM A234 Gr. WPB (Low Alloy) | 7.85 | |
| Stainless Steel | ASTM A240 304 | 7.93 |
| ASTM A240 316 | 7.98 | |
| ASTM A240 430 | 7.75 | |
| ASTM A240 410 | 7.7 | |
| ASTM A313 17-4 PH | 7.75 | |
| Duplex Stainless Steel | ASTM A240 2205 | 7.8 |
| Super Duplex Stainless Steel | ASTM A240 2507 | 7.8 |
| Nickel Alloys | Inconel 600 (ASTM B166) | 8.9 |
| Inconel 625 (ASTM B443) | 8.44 | |
| Hastelloy C276 (ASTM B575) | 8.89 | |
| Monel 400 (ASTM B164) | 8.83 | |
| Titanium Alloys | ASTM B265 Ti-6Al-4V | 4.43 |
| ASTM B348 Ti Grade 2 | 4.51 | |
| Copper Alloys | Copper (Pure Copper) ASTM B170 | 8.96 |
| Bronze (ASTM B505 C93200) | 8.8 | |
| Brass (ASTM B16 C36000) | 8.5 | |
| Aluminum Alloys | Pure Aluminum (ASTM B209) | 2.7 |
| Aluminum Alloy 6061 (ASTM B221) | 2.7 | |
| Aluminum Alloy 7075 (ASTM B211) | 2.81 |
Applications of Metal Density
Material Selection: In design and engineering, density is a crucial factor when selecting materials. For example, industries like aerospace and automotive often choose materials with lower density (such as aluminum alloys) to reduce weight.
Buoyancy: The floatation or sinking of objects in a liquid is directly related to density. Objects with higher density typically sink, while those with lower density may float.
Manufacturing and Processing: The density of metals affects their machining difficulty and performance. For example, metals like aluminum and copper have lower densities, making them easier to process and form.
By understanding the density of different metals, engineers can make better material choices and apply them to meet specific performance requirements.
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