ASTM A36 Carbon Structural Steel
ASTM A36 steel is a commonly used low-carbon steel primarily utilized in construction and manufacturing. Its chemical composition includes small amounts of carbon, manganese, and other elements, providing good weldability and plasticity, making it easy to process and shape.
High quality ASTM A36 steel
SSM offers ASTM A36 steel, which is commonly used in construction for structures like bridges, buildings, towers, and general structural engineering due to its excellent machinability and weldability. However, ASTM A36 steel lacks inherent corrosion resistance, so it typically needs galvanization or other protective treatments when utilized in humid or corrosive environments. Let’s delve into more details about ASTM A36 steel.
- ASTM A36 Plate
- ASTM A36 Bar
ASTM A36 steel Chemical Requirements
| Product | ShapesA | PlatesB | BarsB | |||||||
| Thickness,in.[mm] | All | To 3/4 [20], incl | Over 3/4 to 11/2 [20 to 40], incl | Over 11/2 to 21/2 [40 to 65], incl | Over 21/2 to 4 [65 to 100], incl | Over 4 [100] | To 3/4 [20], incl | Over 3/4 to 11/2 [20 to 40], incl | Over 11/2 to 4 [100], incl | Over 4 [100] |
| Carbon,max,% | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.29 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.29 |
| Manganese,% | … | … | 0.80-1.20 | 0.80-1.20 | 0.85-1.20 | 0.85-1.20 | … | 0.60-0.90 | 0.60-0.90 | 0.60-0.90 |
| Phosphorus,max,% | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
| Sulfur,max,% | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| Silicon,% | 0.40 max | 0.40 max | 0.40 max | 0.15-0.40 | 0.15-0.40 | 0.15-0.40 | 0.40 max | 0.40 max | 0.40 max | 0.40 max |
| Copper,min,%when cop- per steel is specified | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
| AManganese content of 0.85–1.35 % and silicon content of 0.15–0.40 % is required for shapes with flange thickness over 3 in. [75 mm]. BFor each reduction of 0.01 percentage point below the specified carbon maximum, an increase of 0.06 percentage point manganese above the specified maximum will be permitted, up to the maximum of 1.35 %. | ||||||||||
ASTM A36 steel Tensile Requirements
| Tensile RequirementsA | |
| Plates,Shapes,B and Bars: | |
| Tensile strength,ksi [MPa] | 58-80 [400-550] |
| Yield point,min,ksi [MPa] | 36 [250]C |
| Plates and BarsD,E: | |
| Elongation in 8 in.[200 mm],min,% | 20 |
| Elongation in 2 in.[50 mm],min,% | 23 |
| Shapes: | |
| Elongation in 8 in.[200 mm],min,% | 20 |
| Elongation in 2 in.[50 mm],min,% | 21B |
| A See the Orientation subsection inthe Tension Tests section of Specification A 6/A 6M. B For wide flange shapes with flange thickness over 3 in. [75 mm], the 80 ksi [550MPa] maximum tensile strength does not apply and a minimum elongation in 2 in.[50 mm] of 19 % applies. C Yield point 32 ksi [220 MPa] for plates over 8 in. [200 mm] in thickness. D Elongation not required to be determined for floor plate. E For plates wider than 24 in. [600 mm], the elongation requirement is reduced two percentage points. See the Elongation Requirement Adjustments subsection under the Tension Tests section of Specification A 6/A 6M. | |
Advantages and Disadvantages of ASTM A36 Steel
Advantages:
Good Weldability: ASTM A36 steel is easy to weld and suitable for various welding processes.
Machinability: It has good plasticity, making it easy to cut and shape.
Cost-Effectiveness: Its relatively low cost makes it widely used in construction and manufacturing.
Moderate Strength: It is suitable for structures that bear medium loads.
Disadvantages:
Poor Corrosion Resistance: Lacking rust-resistant alloys, it can easily rust in moist or corrosive environments.
Limited Low-Temperature Performance: Its toughness may decrease under low-temperature conditions, affecting performance.
Relatively Low Strength: It is unsuitable for applications requiring high strength or special properties.
Equivalent Standards and Grades to ASTM A36 Steel
| Standard | Grade | Region | Yield Strength (MPa) | Tensile Strength (MPa) |
| ASTM A36 | A36 | International | ≥ 250 | 400-550 |
| EN 10025-2 | S235JR | Europe | ≥ 235 | 360-510 |
| JIS G3101 | SS400 | Japan | ≥ 245 | 400-510 |
| DIN 17100 | St37-2 | Germany | ≥ 235 | 360-510 |
| GB/T 700 | Q235 | China | ≥ 235 | 370-500 |
| IS 2062 | E250 (Fe 410) | India | ≥ 250 | 410-530 |
If you want to know more about ASTM A36, please download and view ASTM A36
Physical Properties of ASTM A36 Steel
| Density | 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³) |
| Melting Point | Approximately 1,425-1,538°C (2,600-2,800°F) |
| Thermal Conductivity | 51.9 W/m·K at 20°C (300 BTU in/ft²·hr·°F at 68°F) |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 486 J/kg·K (0.116 BTU/lb·°F) |
| Electrical Resistivity | 0.0000159 Ω·m at 20°C |
| Poisson’s Ratio | 0.26 |
| Modulus of Elasticity | 200 GPa (29,000 ksi) |
| Shear Modulus | Approximately 79.3 GPa (11,500 ksi) |
| Hardness | |
| Brinell Hardness (HB) | Typical Value: 119-159 HB |
| Rockwell Hardness (HRB) | Typical Value: 67-83 HRB |
Applications of A36 Steel
- Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries
- Power Plants
- Industrial Piping Systems
- Construction and Engineering
- Oil and Gas Transmission
- Marine Applications
- HVAC Systems
- Water Treatment Plants
- Automotive Industry
- Food and Beverage Industry
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