API 5L Pipe

API 5L PIPE is known for its high strength and various grades (like X42, X52, X60) suitable for different pressures. It offers corrosion resistance through optional coatings, making it versatile for transporting oil, gas, and water in onshore and offshore systems. Adhering to API 5L standards ensures quality and consistency, while its good weldability facilitates installation and maintenance, allowing it to withstand high temperatures and pressures safely.

API 5L seamless & welded pipes for oil and gas industry

SSM provides seamless, electric resistance welded (ERW), and submerged arc welded (SAW) pipes manufactured according to API 5L specifications for the oil and gas industry, meeting various mechanical performance and corrosion resistance requirements. The specific product parameters and related performance tables are as follows:

API 5L seamless and welded carbon steel supplier, SSM provides product parameters as shown in the following table:

Items	Parameters
OD	Seamless from 2″ NPS to 36″ OD ERW from 2″ NPS to 24″ OD DSAW from 20″ to 48″ OD
WT	Common wall thickness specifications include SCH 10, SCH 20, SCH 40, SCH 80, SCH 160, XXS (extra strong wall), etc.
Length	20 feet (6 meters) or 40 feet (12 meters), according to customer requirements.
Grade	Various grades such as Grade A, B, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, X80, etc.
Standards	API 5L / ASME B36.10 M

Pipe grade, steel grade and delivery condition

PSL	Delivery condition	Pipe grade/steel grade 【1】,【2】
PSL 1	As-rolled,normalizing rolled,normalized or normalizing formed	75 or A25 / P or A25P / L210 or A
	As-rolled,normalizing rolled,thermomechanical rolled,thermomechanical formed,normalizing formed,normalized,normalized and tempered;or,if agreed,quenched and tempered for SMLS pipe only	L245 or B
	As-rolled,normalizing rolled,thermomechanical rolled,thermomechanical formed,normalizing formed,normalized,normalized and tempered or quenched and tempered	L290 or X42 / L320 or X46 / L360 or X52 / L390 or X56 / L415 or X60 / L450 or X65 / L485 or X70
PSL 2	As-rolled	L245R or BR / L290R or X42R
	Normalizing rolled,normalizing formed,normalized or normalized and tempered	L245N or BN / L290N or X42N / L320N or X46N / L360N or X52N / L390N or X56N / L415N or X60N
	Quenched and tempered	L245Q or BQ / L290Q or X42Q /L320Q or X46Q / L360Q or X52Q / L390Q or X56Q / L415Q or X60Q / L450Q or X65Q / L485Q or X70Q / L555Q or X80Q / L625Q or X90Q 【3】/ L690Q orX100Q 【3】
	Thermomechanical rolled or thermomechanical formed	L245M or BM / L290M or X42M / L320M or X46M / L360M or X52M / L390M or X56M / L415M or X60M / L450M or X65M / L485M or X70M / L555M or X80M
	Thermomechanical rolled	L625M or X90M / L690M or X100M / L830M orX120M

【1】For intermediate grades, the steel grade shall be in one of the following formats:

The letter L followed by the specified minimum yield strength in MPa and, for PSL 2 pipe, the letter describing the delivery condition (R, N, Q or M) consistent with the above formats.
The letter X followed by a two or three digit number equal to the specified minimum yield strength in 1000 psi rounded down to the nearest integer and, for PSL 2 pipe, the letter describing the delivery condition (R, N, Q or M) consistent with the above formats.

【2】The suffix (R, N, Q or M) for PSL 2 grades belongs to the steel grade.

【3】Seamless only.

Chemical Composition & Mechanical Properties

Chemical composition for PSL 1 pipe with t ≤ 25,0 mm (0.984 in)

Steel Grade (Steel name)	Mass fraction, based upon heat and product analyses a, g
	C	Mn	P		S	V	Nb	Ti
	max. b	max. b	min.	max.	max.	max.	max.	max.
Seamless pipe
L175 or A25	0.21	0.6	–	0.03	0.03	–	–	–
L175P or A25P	0.21	0.6	0.045	0.08	0.03	–	–	–
L210 or A	0.22	0.9	–	0.03	0.03	–	–	–
L245 or B	0.28	1.2	–	0.03	0.03	c,d	c,d	d
L290 or X42	0.28	1.3	–	0.03	0.03	d	d	d
L320 or X46	0.28	1.4	–	0.03	0.03	d	d	d
L360 or X52	0.28	1.4	–	0.03	0.03	d	d	d
L390 or X56	0.28	1.4	–	0.03	0.03	d	d	d
L415 or X60	0.28 e	1.40 e	–	0.03	0.03	f	f	f
L450 or X65	0.28 e	1.40 e	–	0.03	0.03	f	f	f
L485 or X70	0.28 e	1.40 e	–	0.03	0.03	f	f	f
Welded pipe
L175 or A25	0.21	0.6	–	0.03	0.03	–	–	–
L175P or A25P	0.21	0.6	0.045	0.08	0.03	–	–	–
L210 or A	0.22	0.9	–	0.03	0.03	–	–	–
L245 or B	0.26	1.2	–	0.03	0.03	c,d	c,d	d
L290 or X42	0.26	1.3	–	0.03	0.03	d	d	d
L320 or X46	0.26	1.4	–	0.03	0.03	d	d	d
L360 or X52	0.26	1.4	–	0.03	0.03	d	d	d
L390 or X56	0.26	1.4	–	0.03	0.03	d	d	d
L415 or X60	0.26 e	1.4 e	–	0.03	0.03	f	f	f
L450 or X65	0.26 e	1.45 e	–	0.03	0.03	f	f	f
L485 orX70	0.26 e	1.65 e	–	0.03	0.03	f	f	f
a Cu ≤ 0,50 %; Ni ≤ 0,50 %; Cr ≤ 0,50 % and Mo ≤ 0.15% b For each reduction of 0,01 % below the specified maximum concentration for carbon, an increase of 0,05 % above the specified maximum concentration for Mn is permissible, up to a maximum of 1,65 % for grades ≥ L245 or B, but ≤ L360 or X52; up to a maximum of 1,75 % for grades > L360 or X52, but < L485 or X70; and up to a maximum of 2,00 % for grade L485 or X70. c Unless otherwise agreed, Nb + V ≤ 0,06 %. d Nb + V + Ti ≤ 0,15 %. e Unless otherwise agreed. f Unless otherwise agreed, Nb + V +Ti ≤ 0,15 %. g No deliberate addition of B is permitted and the residual B ≤ 0,001 %.

Chemical composition for PSL 2 pipe with t ≤ 25,0 mm (0.984 in)

Steel grade (Steel name)	Mass fraction, based upon heat and product analyses % maximum									Carbon equivalent a % maximum
	C b	Si	Mn b	P	S	V	Nb	Ti	Other	CEIIW	CE Pcm
Seamless and welded pipes
L245R or BR	0.24	0.4	1.2	0.025	0.015	c	c	0.04	e,l	0.43	0.25
L290R orX42R	0.24	0.4	1.2	0.025	0.015	0.06	0.05	0.04	e,l	0.43	0.25
L245N or BN	0.24	0.4	1.2	0.025	0.015	c	c	0.04	e,l	0.43	0.25
L290N orX42N	0.24	0.4	1.2	0.025	0.015	0.06	0.05	0.04	e,l	0.43	0.25
L320N orX46N	0.24	0.4	1.4	0.025	0.015	0.07	0.05	0.04	d,e,l	0.43	0.25
L360N or X52N	0.24	0.45	1.4	0.025	0.015	0.1	0.05	0.04	d,e,l	0.43	0.25
L390N or X56N	0.24	0.45	1.4	0.025	0.015	0.10f	0.05	0.04	d,e,l	0.43	0.25
L415N or X60N	0.24f	0.45f	1.40f	0.025	0.015	0.10f	0.05f	0.04f	g,h,l	As agreed
L245Q or BQ	0.18	0.45	1.4	0.025	0.015	0.05	0.05	0.04	e,l	0.43	0.25
L290Q or X42Q	0.18	0.45	1.4	0.025	0.015	0.05	0.05	0.04	e,l	0.43	0.25
L320Q or X46Q	0.18	0.45	1.4	0.025	0.015	0.05	0.05	0.04	e,l	0.43	0.25
L360Q or X52Q	0.18	0.45	1.5	0.025	0.015	0.05	0.05	0.04	e,l	0.43	0.25
L390Q or X56Q	0.18	0.45f	1.5	0.025	0.015	0.07	0.05	0.04	e,l	0.43	0.25
L415Q or X60Q	0.18f	0.45f	1.70f	0.025	0.015	g	g	g	h,l	0.43	0.25
L450Q or X65Q	0.18f	0.45f	1.70f	0.025	0.015	g	g	g	h,l	0.43	0.25
L485Q or X70Q	0.18f	0.45f	1.80f	0.025	0.015	g	g	g	h,l	0.43	0.25
L555Q or X80Q	0.18f	0.45f	1.90f	0.025	0.015	g	g	g	i,j	As agreed
L625Q or X90Q	0.16f	0.45f	1.9	0.02	0.01	g	g	g	j,k	As agreed
L690Q or X100Q	0.16f	0.45f	1.9	0.02	0.01	g	g	g	j,k	As agreed
	C b	Si	Mn b	P	S	V	Nb	Ti	Other	CEIIW	CE Pcm
Welded pipe
L245M or BM	0.22	0.45	1.2	0.025	0.015	0.05	0.05	0.04	e,l	0.43	0.25
L290M or X42M	0.22	0.45	1.3	0.025	0.015	0.05	0.05	0.04	e,l	0.43	0.25
L320M or X46M	0.22	0.45	1.3	0.025	0.015	0.05	0.05	0.04	e,l	0.43	0.25
L360M or X52M	0.22	0.45	1.4	0.025	0.015	d	d	d	e,l	0.43	0.25
L390M or X56M	0.22	0.45f	1.4	0.025	0.015	d	d	d	e,l	0.43	0.25
L415M or X60M	0.12f	0.45f	1.60f	0.025	0.015	g	g	g	h,l	0.43	0.25
L450M or X65M	0.12f	0.45f	1.60f	0.025	0.015	g	g	g	h,l	0.43	0.25
L485M or X70M	0.12f	0.45f	1.70f	0.025	0.015	g	g	g	h,l	0.43	0.25
L555M or X80M	0.12f	0.45f	1.85f	0.025	0.015	g	g	g	i,j	.043f	0.25
L625M or X90M	0.1	0.55f	2.10f	0.02	0.01	g	g	g	i,j	–	0.25
L690M or X100M	0.1	0.55f	2.10f	0.02	0.01	g	g	g	i,j	–	0.25
L830M or X120M	0.1	0.55f	2.10f	0.02	0.01	g	g	g	i,j	–	0.25
a Based upon product analysis. For seamless pipe with t > 20,0 mm (0.787 in), the CE limits shall be as agreed. The CEIIW limits apply if C > 0,12 % and the CEPcm limits apply if C ≤ 0,12 %. b For each reduction of 0,01 % below the specified maximum for C, an increase of 0,05 % above the specified maximum for Mn is permissible, up to a maximum of 1,65 % for grades ≥ L245 or B, but ≤ L360 or X52; up to a maximum of 1,75 % for grades > L360 or X52, but < L485 or X70; up to a maximum of 2,00 % for grades ≥ L485 or X70, but ≤ L555 or X80; and up to a maximum of 2,20 % for grades > L555 or X80. c Unless otherwise agreed, Nb + V ≤ 0,06 %. d Nb + V + Ti ≤ 0,15 %. e Unless otherwise agreed, Cu ≤ 0,50 %; Ni ≤ 0,30 %; Cr ≤ 0,30% and Mo ≤ 0,15 %. f Unless otherwise agreed. g Unless otherwise agreed, Nb + V + Ti ≤ 0,15 %. h Unless otherwise agreed, Cu ≤ 0,50 %; Ni ≤ 0,50 %; Cr ≤ 0,50% and Mo ≤ 0, 50 %. i Unless otherwise agreed, Cu ≤ 0,50 %; Ni ≤ 1,00 %; Cr ≤ 0,50% and Mo ≤ 0, 50 %. j B ≤ 0,004 %. k Unless otherwise agreed, Cu ≤ 0,50 %; Ni ≤ 1,00 %; Cr ≤ 0,55% and Mo ≤ 0, 80 %. l For all PSL 2 pipe grades except those grades to which footnote j already applies, the following applies. Unless otherwise agreed no intentional addition of B is permitted and residual B ≤ 0,001%.

Requirements for the results of tensile tests for PSL 1 pipe

Pipe grade	Pipe body of seamless and welded pipes			Weld seam of EW, LW, SAW and COW pipes
Pipe grade	Yield strength a Rt0,5 MPa (psi) Minimum	Tensile strength a Rm MPa (psi) Minimum	Elongation (on 50 mm or 2 in) Af % Minimum	Tensile strength b Rm MPa (psi) Minimum
L175 or A25	175(25400)	310(45000)	C	310(45000)
L175P or A25P	175(25400)	310(45000)	C	310(45000)
L210 or A	210(30500)	335(48600)	C	335(48600)
L245 or B	245(35500)	415 (60200)	C	415(60200)
L290 or X42	290(42100)	415(60200)	C	415(60200)
L320 or X46	320(46400)	435(63100)	C	435(63100)
L360 or X52	360 (52200)	460 (66700)	C	460(66700)
L390 or X56	390(56600)	490(71100)	C	490(71100)
L415 or X60	415(60200)	520(75400)	C	520(75400)
L450 or X65	450(65300)	535(77600)	C	535(77600)
L485 or X70	485(70300)	570(82700)	C	570(82700)
a For intermediate grades, the difference between the specified minimum tensile strength and the specified minimum yield strength for the pipe body shall be as given in the table for the next higher grade. b For intermediate grades, the specified minimum tensile strength for the weld seam shall be the same value as was determined for the pipe body using footnote a). c The specified minimum elongation, Af, expressed in percent and rounded to the nearest percent, shall be as determined using the following equation: where Axc is the applicable tensile test piece cross-sectional area, expressed in square millimetres (square inches), as follows: for circular cross-section test pieces, 130 mm2 (0.20 in2) for 12,7 mm (0.500 in) and 8,9 mm (0.350 in) diameter test pieces; and 65 mm2 (0.10 in2) for 6,4 mm (0.250 in) diameter test pieces; for full-section test pieces, the lesser of a) 485 mm2 (0.75 in2) and b) the cross-sectional area of the test piece, derived using the specified outside diameter and the specified wall thickness of the pipe, rounded to the nearest 10 mm2 (0.01 in2); for strip test pieces, the lesser of a) 485 mm2 (0.75 in2) and b) the cross-sectional area of the test piece, derived using the specified width of the test piece and the specified wall thickness of the pipe, rounded to the nearest 10 mm2(0.01 in2); U is the specified minimum tensile strength, expressed in megapascals (pounds per square inch).

Requirements for the results of tensile tests for PSL 2 pipe

Pipe grade	Pipe body of seamless and welded pipes						Weld seam of EW, LW, SAW and COW pipes
	Yield strength a Rt0,5 MPa (psi)		Tensile strength a Rm MPa (psi)		Ratio a, c Rt0,5/Rm	Elongation (on 50 mm or 2 in) Af %	Tensile strength b Rm MPa (psi)
	Minimum	Maximum	Minimum	Maximum	Maximum	Minimum	Minimum
L245R or BR L245N or BN L245Q or BQ L245M or BM	245 (35500)	450e (65300)e	415 (60200)	655(95000)	0,93	f	415 (60200)
L290R or X42R L290N orX42N L290Q or X42Q L290M or X42M	290 (42100)	495 (71800)	415 (60200)	655(95000)	0,93	f	415 (60200)
L320N or X46N L320Q or X46Q L320M or X46M	320 (46400)	525 (76100)	435 (63100)	655(95000)	0,93	f	435 (63100)
L360N or X52N L360Q or X52Q L360M or X52M	360 (52200)	530 (76900)	460 (66700)	760 (110200)	0,93	f	460 (66700)
L390N or X56N L390Q or X56Q L390M or X56M	390 (56600)	545 (79000)	490 (71100)	760 (110200)	0,93	f	490 (71100)
L415N or X60N L415Q or X60Q L415M or X60M	415 (60200)	565 (81900)	520 (75400)	760 (110200)	0,93	f	520 (75400)
L450Q or X65Q L450M or X65M	450 (65300)	600 (87000)	535 (77600)	760 (110200)	0,93	f	535 (77600)
L485Q or X70Q L485M or X70M	485 (70300)	635 (92100)	570 (82700)	760 (110200)	0,93	f	570 (82700)
L555Q or X80Q L555M or X80M	555 (80500)	705 (102300)	625 (90600)	825 (119700)	0,93	f	625 (90600)
L625M or X90M	625 (90600)	775 (112400)	695 (100800)	915 (132700)	0,95	f	695 (100800)
L625Q or X90Q	625 (90600)	775 (112400)	695 (100800)	915 (132700)	0,97	f	–
L690M or X100M	690 b (100100)b	840b (121800)b	760 (110200)	990 (143600)	0,97h	f	760 (110200)
L690Q or X100Q	690 b (100100)b	840 b (121800)b	760 (110200)	990 (143600)	0,97h	f	–
L830M or X120M	830 b (120400)b	1050 b (152300)b	915 (132700)	1145 (166100)	0,99 h	f	915 (132700)
a For intermediate grades, the difference between the specified maximum yield strength and the specified minimum yield strength shall be as given in the table for the next higher grade, and the difference between the specified minimum tensile strength and the specified minimum yield strength shall be as given in the table for the next higher grade. For intermediate grades up to Grade L320 or X46, the tensile strength shall be ≤ 655 MPa (95 000 psi). For intermediate grades greater than Grade L320 or X46 and lower than Grade L555 or X80, the tensile strength shall be ≤ 760 MPa (110 200 psi).For intermediategrades higher than Grade L555 or X80, the maximum permissible tensile strength shall be obtained by interpolation. For SI units, the calculated value shall be rounded to the nearest 5 MPa. For USC units, thecalculated value shall be rounded to the nearest 100 psi. b For grades > L625 or X90, Rp0,2 applies. c This limit applies for pipe with D > 323,9 mm (12.750 in). d For intermediate grades, the specified minimum tensile strength for the weld seam shall be the same value as was determined for the pipe body using footnote a). e For pipe requiring longitudinal testing, the maximum yield strength shall be ≤ 495 MPa (71 800 psi). f The specified minimum elongation, Af, shall be as determined using the following equation: where C is 1 940 for calculations using SI units and 625 000 for calculations using USC units; Axc is the applicable tensile test piece cross-sectional area, expressed in square millimetres (square inches), as follows: — for circular cross-section test pieces, 130 mm2 (0.20 in2) for 12,7 mm (0.500 in) and 8,9 mm (0.350 in) diameter test pieces; and 65 mm2 (0.10 in2) for 6,4 mm (0.250 in) diameter test pieces; — for full-section test pieces, the lesser of a) 485 mm2 (0.75 in2) and b) the cross-sectional area of the test piece, derived using the specified outside diameter and the specified wall thickness of the pipe, rounded to the nearest 10 mm2(0.01 in2); — for strip test pieces, the lesser of a) 485 mm2 (0.75 in2) and b) the cross-sectional area of the test piece, derived using the specified width of the test piece and the specified wall thickness of the pipe, rounded to the nearest 10 mm2(0.01 in2); U is the specified minimum tensile strength, expressed in megapascals (pounds per square inch). g Lower values of Rt0,5/Rm may be specified by agreement. h For grades > L625 or X90, Rp0,2 /Rm applies. Lower values of Rp0,2 /Rm may be specified by agreement.

Advantages and Disadvantages of API 5L Pipes

API 5L pipes offer significant advantages in terms of strength, reliability, and corrosion resistance, making them indispensable in the oil and gas industry for pipeline transportation. However, considerations such as cost, application scope, and maintenance requirements should be carefully evaluated when choosing API 5L pipes for specific projects.

Advantages:
API 5L pipes have high tensile and yield strengths, offer a comprehensive range of sizes and wall thicknesses to meet a variety of project needs, and are manufactured with corrosion-resistant coatings or linings to extend their service life in corrosive environments.

Disadvantages:
Compared to standard carbon steel pipes, especially high-grade and seamless pipes, API 5L pipes are more expensive. API 5L pipes are primarily designed for oil and gas transportation, limiting their applicability in other industrial applications. API 5L pipes may require regular inspection and maintenance of protective coatings.

Applications of API 5L Pipes

Oil and Gas Transmission
Pipeline Construction
Offshore Platforms
Refineries and Petrochemical Plants
Natural Gas Distribution
Water and Slurry Pipelines
Structural Applications

Comparison of ASTM A106 and API 5L Pipes

The choice between ASTM A106 and API 5L pipes depends on specific project requirements such as temperature, pressure, corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties. ASTM A106 is ideal for high-temperature applications, while API 5L is preferred for its strength, corrosion resistance, and suitability for oil and gas transmission.

Standards	ASTM A106	API 5L
Material Grades	Grade A, Grade B, Grade C	Grade A, Grade B, X42, X46, X52, and higher
Manufacturing Methods	Seamless	Seamless, Electric Resistance Welded (ERW), Submerged Arc Welded (SAW)
Application Focus	High-temperature and pressure applications	Oil and gas industry primarily, high-pressure applications
Chemical Composition	Higher carbon content, suitable for high-temperature service	Varied composition for different strength levels and corrosion resistance
Mechanical Properties	Higher tensile and yield strength compared to API 5L	Lower tensile and yield strength compared to higher grades of API 5L
Size Range	Limited range compared to API 5L	Wide range of sizes and wall thicknesses
Corrosion Resistance	Generally lower, may require additional coatings for corrosion protection	Enhanced corrosion resistance options available, including coatings and linings
Cost	Generally lower due to simpler manufacturing processes	Higher, especially for higher grade and seamless pipes
Weldability	Good weldability	Good weldability across all forms of manufacturing
Availability	Widely available	Widely available, with more options in sizes and grades

API 5L Pipe

API 5L seamless & welded pipes for oil and gas industry

API 5L Grade B

API 5L X42

API 5L X52

API 5L X65

Pipe grade, steel grade and delivery condition

Chemical Composition & Mechanical Properties

Chemical composition for PSL 1 pipe with t ≤ 25,0 mm (0.984 in)

Chemical composition for PSL 2 pipe with t ≤ 25,0 mm (0.984 in)

Requirements for the results of tensile tests for PSL 1 pipe

Requirements for the results of tensile tests for PSL 2 pipe

Advantages and Disadvantages of API 5L Pipes

Applications of API 5L Pipes

Comparison of ASTM A106 and API 5L Pipes

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