The commonality among materials such as A105, A105N, A106, A350, A234, A216, A36, and A182 is that they are all carbon steels or alloy steels, widely used in applications that require resistance to high temperatures, high pressures, and low temperatures. They are commonly used in the manufacturing of critical equipment such as pipes, flanges, fittings, and valves, providing high strength, corrosion resistance, and heat resistance.
While the chemical compositions and properties of each material vary, they all exhibit good mechanical properties, high tensile strength, and yield strength, making them suitable for demanding working environments. Selecting the appropriate material based on different operating temperatures, pressures, and corrosion resistance requirements ensures the safety and reliability of the equipment.
Below, we will compare the materials mentioned above:
A105 vs A105N
A105N has a similar chemical composition to A105, but A105N has stricter requirements for both chemical composition and mechanical properties. A105N is essentially a normalized version of A105, which provides better mechanical properties.
A105N offers stricter quality control and higher mechanical performance, making it suitable for applications that require higher strength and toughness. A105 is used in general high-temperature and high-pressure conditions and is commonly used in the manufacturing of flanges, fittings, and valves.
A105 vs A106
Both A105 and A106 are suitable for high-temperature and high-pressure environments, but A105 is primarily used for pipe fittings, while A106 is mainly used for fluid transport pipelines under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. The tensile strength and yield strength of A105 and A106 are very similar.
The chemical composition of A105 and A106 is not significantly different. A106 has a slightly lower maximum carbon content (0.30% vs. 0.35%), making it more suitable for pipe manufacturing. A106 allows a higher manganese content (up to 1.35% vs. 1.05%), which helps enhance its high-temperature strength.
| Element | A105 (Forged Carbon Steel) | A106 (Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe) |
| Carbon (C) | 0.35% max | 0.30% max |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.60% – 1.05% | 0.60% – 1.35% |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.10% – 0.35% | 0.10% – 0.35% |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.035% max | 0.025% max |
| Sulfur (S) | 0.035% max | 0.025% max |
| Chromium (Cr) | 0.30% max | 0.30% max |
| Nickel (Ni) | 0.30% max | 0.30% max |
| Copper (Cu) | 0.40% max | 0.40% max |
A105 vs A350
A350 and A105 have slight differences in carbon content, manganese content, and other alloy elements. A350 is specifically designed to emphasize low-temperature performance, so it has stricter phosphorus and sulfur requirements (with lower maximum values) and may include additional alloy elements (such as nickel) to improve low-temperature properties. A105, on the other hand, is suitable for general high-temperature conditions.
| Element | A105 (Forged Carbon Steel for Flanges, Fittings, Valves) | A350 (Low-Temperature Carbon Steel Forgings for Low-Temperature Environments) |
| Carbon (C) | 0.35% max | 0.30% max |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.60% – 1.05% | 0.60% – 1.35% |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.10% – 0.35% | 0.10% – 0.35% |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.035% max | 0.025% max |
| Sulfur (S) | 0.035% max | 0.025% max |
| Chromium (Cr) | 0.30% max | 0.30% max |
| Nickel (Ni) | 0.30% max | 0.30% max |
| Copper (Cu) | 0.40% max | 0.40% max |
| Others | – | May contain small amounts of alloying elements (such as Mo, Ni) to improve low-temperature performance |
A105 vs A234
A234 is designed for various pipe fittings. A234 WPB is suitable for general high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, while A234 WP11 (alloy steel) is used for applications requiring higher temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, such as high-temperature fluid transport and critical equipment pipeline connections. A105 is primarily used for flanges and fittings, suitable for high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, but not for extreme high-temperature environments.
| Element | A105 (Forged Carbon Steel) | A234 WPB (Carbon Steel Fittings) | A234 WP11 (Chrome-Molybdenum Steel) |
| Carbon (C) | 0.35% max | 0.30% – 0.60% | 0.05% – 0.15% |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.60% – 1.05% | 0.30% – 0.60% | 0.30% – 0.60% |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.10% – 0.35% | 0.10% – 0.35% | 0.50% – 0.80% |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.035% max | 0.035% max | 0.025% max |
| Sulfur (S) | 0.035% max | 0.035% max | 0.025% max |
| Chromium (Cr) | 0.30% max | 0.30% max | 1.00% – 1.50% |
| Nickel (Ni) | 0.30% max | 0.30% max | 0.30% max |
| Copper (Cu) | 0.40% max | 0.40% max | 0.40% max |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | – | – | 0.90% – 1.20% |
A105 vs A216
A216 is a cast carbon steel widely used in casting flanges, fittings, and valves. A216 WCB is suitable for general high-temperature and high-pressure environments, while A216 WC6 contains alloy elements and is suitable for higher temperature and higher strength environments. A105 is a forged carbon steel mainly used for manufacturing flanges, fittings, and valves, and is suitable for general high-temperature and high-pressure conditions.
A105 vs A36
A36 is a conventional carbon steel mainly used in construction structures, bridges, etc. It has lower tensile strength and yield strength and is suitable for structural applications subjected to lower pressure and loads. A105 is a forged carbon steel suitable for high-temperature and high-pressure environments, typically used for flanges, fittings, and valves. It has higher tensile strength and yield strength and is widely used in the oil, gas, and chemical industries.
A105 vs A182
A182 is a high-temperature alloy steel, including stainless steel series (such as F304, F316) and alloy steel series, suitable for high-temperature and corrosion-resistant environments. It is widely used in the petrochemical, marine, and food processing industries, offering strong high-temperature and corrosion-resistant properties.
| Element | A105 (Forged Carbon Steel for Flanges, Fittings, Valves) | A182 F304 (Stainless Steel Series) | A182 F316 (Stainless Steel Series) |
| Carbon (C) | 0.35% max | 0.08% max | 0.08% max |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.60% – 1.05% | 2.00% max | 2.00% max |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.10% – 0.35% | 1.00% max | 1.00% max |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.035% max | 0.045% max | 0.045% max |
| Sulfur (S) | 0.035% max | 0.03% max | 0.03% max |
| Chromium (Cr) | 0.30% max | 18.00% – 20.00% | 16.00% – 18.00% |
| Nickel (Ni) | 0.30% max | 8.00% – 10.50% | 10.00% – 14.00% |
| Copper (Cu) | 0.40% max | – | – |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | – | – | 2.00% – 3.00% |
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