304 vs 316 Stainless Steel Price
When comparing 316 stainless steel with 304 stainless steel, it is important to note that the price of 316 stainless steel is higher. This is due to the fact that 316 stainless steel contains more nickel and 2-3% molybdenum, which provides excellent corrosion resistance, especially in chloride environments. The additional alloying elements in 316 stainless steel increase production costs.
Generally, the price of 316 stainless steel is 20% to 30% more expensive than 304 stainless steel, but the specific price is also influenced by market conditions, purchase quantity, specification requirements, and the supplier’s pricing strategy.
| Element | 304 Stainless Steel | 316 Stainless Steel |
| Chromium (Cr) | 18-20% | 16-18% |
| Nickel (Ni) | 8-10.5% | 10-14% |
| Carbon (C) | ≤ 0.08% | ≤ 0.08% |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤ 2% | ≤ 2% |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤ 1% | ≤ 1% |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.045% | ≤ 0.045% |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.03% | ≤ 0.03% |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | – | 2-3% |
| Iron (Fe) | Balance | Balance |
304 vs 316 Stainless Steel Mechanical Properties
Here are the mechanical properties of 304 and 316 stainless steel.
In general, while both 304 and 316 stainless steels have similar mechanical properties, 316 offers slightly improved strength and hardness, which can be advantageous in more demanding applications.
| Property | 304 Stainless Steel | 316 Stainless Steel |
| Tensile Strength | 520-720 MPa (75,000-105,000 psi) | 580-750 MPa (84,000-109,000 psi) |
| Yield Strength | 215 MPa (31,000 psi) | 290 MPa (42,000 psi) |
| Elongation (in 50 mm) | ≥ 40% | ≥ 40% |
| Hardness (Rockwell B) | 70 HRB (approx.) | 80 HRB (approx.) |
| Modulus of Elasticity | ~193 GPa (28,000 ksi) | ~193 GPa (28,000 ksi) |
| Density | ~8.00 g/cm³ (0.29 lb/in³) | ~8.03 g/cm³ (0.29 lb/in³) |
| Thermal Conductivity | ~16.2 W/m·K (at 100°C) | ~16.3 W/m·K (at 100°C) |
304 vs 316 stainless steel corrosion resistance
In various environments, including fresh water, atmospheric environments, and many mildly corrosive environments, 304 stainless steel provides high corrosion resistance. On the other hand, 316 stainless steel, which contains 2-3% molybdenum, has significantly enhanced corrosion resistance compared to 304, especially in high chloride exposure environments (such as coastal areas, saltwater environments, or chemical processing industries), and it is also superior to pitting and crevice corrosion.
304 vs 316 Stainless Steel Magnetic
Both materials are considered nonmagnetic in most practical applications but may become slightly magnetic after cold working or deformation.
Stainless Steel 304 vs 316 for Applications
Stainless Steel 304 vs 316 for Water Bottle
304 stainless steel is a great option for water bottles as it offers good corrosion resistance, durability, and safety at a lower cost. However, if you need to use your water bottle in more extreme conditions, such as saltwater environments or frequent use, choosing 316 stainless steel may be a better investment.
304 vs 316 Stainless Steel Exhaust
304 stainless steel is commonly used in exhaust systems, as it can withstand high temperatures and has good oxidation resistance, making it suitable for most automotive and industrial exhaust systems. Similarly, 316 stainless steel also performs well in gas system applications, with a slightly lower high-temperature performance than 304. However, it is known for being more resistant to pitting and crevice corrosion in salt areas, thus extending its service life in these conditions.
Stainless Steel 316 vs 304 Food Grade
For general food-grade applications, 304 Stainless Steel is a cost-effective choice and is safe for food contact. It is widely used in food processing equipment, kitchen appliances, feeder for livestock, and containers. On the other hand, 316 Stainless Steel is often preferred for high-end food processing and pharmaceutical machinery applications due to its superior anti-corrosion properties. This makes it less likely to corrode or react with food and beverages, making it a better choice for maintaining a high level of hygiene.
Summary
SS316 stainless steel is superior to SS304 for applications involving harsh environments, high chloride levels, or acidic conditions. It offers superior corrosion resistance, durability, and performance in challenging situations. However, if cost is a primary consideration and the application does not involve harsh environments, SS304 stainless steel offers a good balance of performance and economy.
Related resource references:
https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-pros-and-cons-of-304-vs-316-stainless-steel
